Is It A Cold Or Allergies?

Cold season is upon us, but allergies can occur year round. How can you tell which you are suffering from? It can be challenging to distinguish between the two because they have many symptoms in common and can occur at similar times of the year. There are a few key differences, however, and their underlying causes are quite different. Understanding whether your symptoms are related to a cold or allergies can help you seek appropriate treatment and fine relief. 

How Do I Know if I Have Allergies or a Cold?

Allergies and colds cause sneezing, a runny nose, and congestion, but they’re different in how they start and how long they last. 

Causes of Cold vs Allergies

The underlying causes of colds vs allergies are quite different. Colds are caused by viruses, particularly rhinoviruses, and spread from person to person through contact or the air. They usually resolve on their own within a week or two, depending on the severity.

Allergies are your body’s immune response to specific triggers like pollen, dust mites, mold, or animal dander. These allergens cause your body to release histamines, which lead to the typical allergy symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. Allergies can last for weeks or even months if the allergen is pervasive and unavoidable (such as with a pollen allergy). 

Symptoms of Cold vs Allergies

Colds and allergies can have certain symptoms in common, like sneezing, nasal discharge, and a scratchy throat. However, the presentation and duration of those symptoms can indicate whether or not you have a cold or allergies. 

Cold Symptoms

• Nasal discharge: runny noses are very common with a cold. The discharge tends to be yellow and thick, often reducing sense of smell and taste. 
• Sore throat: while scratchy throats are shared by colds and allergies, soreness is not. A sore throat is more often an indication of a cold vs allergies. 
• Possible mild fever: colds do not always present with a fever, but they can. Allergies are not usually associated with fevers. 
• Coughing: coughs related to the common cold can feel deep within the chest and produce phlegm, which creates a rattling sound. They often resolve on their own and respond to anti-tussive medications. 

Allergy Symptoms

• Clear and watery nasal discharge: nasal discharge is also a symptom of the common cold, but allergic discharge tends to be thinner and clear as opposed to the thicker, yellow-tinged mucus of a cold.
• Itchy eyes, nose, or throat: itching is not typically present with a common cold but is a hallmark of an allergic reaction.
• Coughing: coughing from allergies tends to be dry and unproductive. It may improve with anti-histamines but will not completely go away so long as you remain exposed to the allergen.

Worst Times of Year for Allergies vs Colds

The timing of your symptoms can provide another clue. Similar to flu season, colds are most common during the fall and winter months when people are spending more time indoors and in close contact with others. 

Allergies can happen year-round but are most common in the spring and fall when pollen is high. So, if you’re feeling under the weather in the middle of winter, it’s more likely to be a cold, while springtime sneezing may point to allergies.

What Are the Stages of a Cold?

Colds typically follow a predictable pattern.

• The first stage is the incubation period, where the virus has entered your system, but you don’t feel sick yet.
• The second stage starts as mild symptoms such as a sore throat or slight cough begin to appear.
• The third stage is the peak stage, where congestion, a runny nose, and coughing are at their worst.
• The fourth and final stage is the recovery stage. This begins after about a week, with symptoms gradually fading.

Allergies don’t follow stages—they persist as long as you’re exposed to the allergen.

Can You Have Allergies and a Cold at the Same Time?

It’s possible to have both allergies and a cold at the same time. For example, you might be allergic to pollen in the spring and simultaneously catch a cold, making it harder to distinguish between the two. If you have overlapping symptoms, it’s important to manage both conditions. A healthcare provider can help you determine the right treatments.

Treatment of Allergies vs Colds

Treatments for colds and allergies vary significantly. If you’re unsure whether you have a cold or allergies, consulting with a doctor can help you determine the best course of action.

Cold Treatment

Colds generally require rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications such as decongestants or cough suppressants to manage symptoms.

Allergy Treatment

Allergies are best managed by avoiding triggers when possible and using antihistamines, nasal sprays, or allergy shots. 

What if My Allergies or Cold Symptoms Aren’t Going Away?

If your symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, it might be time to consult a physician. Long-lasting symptoms could indicate a more serious issue, such as a sinus infection or immunodeficiency, and a qualified healthcare professional can provide the right guidance and treatment plan to help you feel better.

Destin Family Doctor

Understanding the differences between a cold and allergies can make a big difference in how you manage your health. Paying attention to the timing, symptoms, and duration of your condition can help you determine whether you’re dealing with a cold or allergies and which treatment plan to follow. 

In Destin, Dr. Timothy Tuel is a top family physician who specializes in preventive care and can help you manage bothersome cold or allergy symptoms. The Crane Center is often able to accommodate same-day appointments, so please text to schedule today! 

Dr. Tuel is also accepting patients for his concierge wellness program. Please visit our Destin Concierge Medicine page to learn more and sign up for top tier, personalized healthcare today.